Apple HIG
Borrow: content prominence, platform familiarity, direct manipulation, contextual controls, device-aware adaptation.
Avoid: making ordinary web documents imitate iOS or Liquid Glass.
Choose the communication architecture before choosing components or visual treatment. Preserve quality invariants. Vary topology, density, containment, interaction, and responsive behavior.
The registry prevents a successful visual recipe from becoming a universal template. It separates non-negotiable quality from design decisions that must vary by audience, task, information topology, and product context.
Our recurring HTML output does not look the same because the color palettes are too similar. It looks the same because the same page skeleton is selected before the design problem is modeled.
Do not start with a hero, cards, or a dashboard shell. Start with the reader’s posture: read, learn, compare, decide, explore, or operate.
Semantics, accessibility, contrast, responsive containment, alignment, focus, provenance, and recovery remain consistent across every artifact.
Topology, navigation, density, containment, type character, pacing, diagram role, interaction posture, and responsive recomposition must be selected for the situation.
Answer these questions before HTML or CSS implementation. Material ambiguity can be resolved with explicit assumptions. Visual styling begins only after a structural candidate is selected.
| Primary user posture | Default candidate | Reject when |
|---|---|---|
| Read | Editorial authority or public trust | The user must manipulate live state or compare many entities. |
| Learn | Adaptive learning | The content is a stable reference rather than a guided progression. |
| Compare | Executive decision or analytical dashboard | Comparison is incidental to a larger narrative. |
| Decide | Executive decision | The audience first needs foundational education. |
| Explore | Knowledge network | There is one required reading order. |
| Operate | Enterprise operations or domain workflow | The artifact contains no live or mutable task state. |
| Act in context | Mobile field guide | The audience is seated, connected, and performing complex analysis. |
| Adopt a direction | Narrative persuasion | The decision must be auditable through dense technical evidence first. |
Each mode has its own information silhouette. The archetype determines the shell, rhythm, hierarchy, containment, and mobile behavior. Color and decoration are downstream choices.
| Mode | Dominant posture | Topology | Density | Containment | Primary lineage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Editorial authority | Read | Linear argument | Airy | Mostly open | Publishing + Apple restraint |
| Public trust | Read / act | Hierarchical service | Balanced | Selective panels | USWDS |
| Technical precision | Reference | Hierarchical / indexed | Compact | Open regions + tables | Primer + Spectrum |
| Enterprise operations | Operate | Workspace / queue | Dense | Workspace regions | Cloudscape + Carbon |
| Executive decision | Decide | Recommendation / alternatives | Compact | Selective panels | Fluent + strategy memo |
| Adaptive learning | Learn | Sequential concepts | Balanced | Guided stages | Material adaptive |
| Domain workflow | Complete task | State machine / process | Compact | Task regions | Fiori + Salesforce |
| Knowledge network | Explore | Hub-and-spoke / graph | Dense index, calm page | Linked topics | Documentation portals |
| Mobile field guide | Act in context | Ranked list / route | Compact | Minimal | Apple + Material compact |
| Narrative persuasion | Adopt direction | Tension → evidence → future | Variable | Full-width scenes | Editorial + presentation |
A continuous evidence-led argument where typography, annotation, and figures carry the hierarchy.
Deep research, policy analysis, historical interpretation, essays, and evidence-led guidance.
Type scale, reading measure, whitespace, rules, captions, and marginal evidence.
Margin notes become inline annotations. Figures retain captions and evidence order.
A restrained, explicit service-oriented structure optimized for clarity, broad accessibility, and consequential action.
Policies, public guidance, legal or compliance explainers, benefits, eligibility, privacy, and high-trust instructions.
Plain headings, action-first summaries, explicit status, restrained color, and stable service navigation.
Preserve content order and action visibility. Reduce navigation depth without hiding eligibility or consequence.
A stable reference surface for definitions, contracts, implementation rules, examples, and versioned evidence.
Handbooks, standards, architecture references, APIs, implementation guidance, and encyclopedic technical material.
Persistent outline, definitions, status metadata, tables, code, deep links, and cross-references.
Sidebar becomes a local contents index. Tables scroll only as a last resort; key columns remain prioritized.
A stateful workspace for monitoring, filtering, comparing, acting, and recovering across many entities.
Resource consoles, compliance queues, inventory, monitoring, administration, and operational control planes.
Global status, filters, tables, split views, contextual action, alert priority, and persistent query state.
Table becomes a prioritized list; filters move to a sheet; detail panels become full-screen tasks.
A recommendation-first brief that exposes material evidence, alternatives, consequences, and required action.
Architecture decisions, investments, vendor selection, strategy, risk acceptance, and go/no-go recommendations.
Decision, rationale, evidence, alternatives, consequences, risks, controls, and next action.
Side-by-side alternatives become a recommendation-first sequence while preserving comparator labels.
A guided progression that builds a mental model, demonstrates consequences, and permits deeper exploration after orientation.
Tutorials, onboarding, concept explanations, workshops, and foundations-to-advanced technical education.
Orientation, mental model, worked example, guided exploration, mistakes, application, and reference.
Diagram-plus-explanation becomes a staged sequence. Essential concept relationships remain visible before disclosure.
A role-aware task experience organized around business objects, process state, permissions, and completion criteria.
Approvals, onboarding, case management, entitlements, forms, business processes, and role-specific work.
Role context, object identity, process state, required information, action, validation, and audit trail.
Process overview becomes a staged task; secondary object information moves behind explicit contextual access.
A non-linear explorer for connected concepts, taxonomies, evidence, and related technical or research topics.
Encyclopedias, ecosystems, research libraries, taxonomies, domain maps, and interconnected standards.
Search/index, concept map, topic definition, relationships, evidence, and related concepts.
Search and topic selection precede the concept page. Network views become ranked related-concept lists.
A context-first mobile reference designed for interruption, movement, limited attention, and imperfect connectivity.
Travel guides, events, checklists, procedures, incident response, inspections, and on-site references.
Current context, next action, ranked entries, distance/time/status, and immediate recovery information.
Mobile is the primary composition. Wider views may add a map, comparison region, or route without changing task order.
A paced argument that creates tension, proves a new model, and makes the path to adoption concrete.
Vision, leadership alignment, transformation proposals, product narratives, and advocacy.
Problem tension, consequence, evidence, new model, future state, path, and call to action.
Preserve the argument’s beats. Wide visual scenes become focused sequential evidence rather than compressed mosaics.
Every substantial artifact should include a compact pre-implementation record. This keeps the knowledge model separate from the presentation and makes visual choices auditable.
type DesignGenome = {
archetype:
| "editorial-authority"
| "public-trust"
| "technical-precision"
| "enterprise-operations"
| "executive-decision"
| "adaptive-learning"
| "domain-workflow"
| "knowledge-network"
| "mobile-field-guide"
| "narrative-persuasion";
audience: string[];
requiredOutcome: string;
interactionPosture: "read" | "learn" | "compare" | "decide" | "explore" | "operate";
informationTopology: "linear" | "hierarchical" | "hub-and-spoke" | "matrix" | "timeline" | "spatial" | "task-flow";
primaryInfluence: string;
supportingInfluence?: string;
density: "airy" | "balanced" | "compact" | "dense";
containment: "mostly-open" | "selective-panels" | "card-driven" | "workspace-regions";
navigation: "minimal" | "document-outline" | "section-jump" | "sidebar-tree" | "tabs" | "task-steps" | "dashboard-filter";
hierarchyExpression: "typographic" | "spatial" | "chromatic" | "container-based" | "data-driven";
responsiveStrategy: "reflow" | "recompose" | "progressive-disclosure" | "mode-switch";
evidenceModel: string[];
prohibitedDefaults: string[];
visualDistanceTarget: number; // 0–20, recommended >= 13
};
Each system is treated as a body of evidence about a class of interface problems. A lineage may influence structure, behavior, or quality without determining the final brand expression.
Borrow: content prominence, platform familiarity, direct manipulation, contextual controls, device-aware adaptation.
Avoid: making ordinary web documents imitate iOS or Liquid Glass.
Borrow: adaptive layouts, semantic states, expressive hierarchy, motion relationships, canonical compositions.
Avoid: importing Google’s shapes, navigation, or color character without product justification.
Borrow: cross-platform balance, command clarity, layered workspaces, content hierarchy, responsible-AI patterns.
Avoid: Microsoft visual treatment when the surrounding platform does not support it.
Borrow: professional-tool density, precision controls, multiple input modes, contextual panels, versioned component status.
Avoid: high-density application chrome for reading-first content.
Borrow: enterprise information structure, native semantics, data presentation, content guidance, community contribution.
Avoid: treating IBM’s visual language as neutral.
Borrow: resource management, filter/table/detail workflows, split views, status, operational layout.
Avoid: console density for static research or persuasion.
Borrow: compact technical hierarchy, accessibility from project start, code-oriented navigation, responsive foundations.
Avoid: assuming every audience has developer-level familiarity.
Borrow: real-user-needs orientation, public trust, explicit services, accessibility, mobile-friendly restraint.
Avoid: governmental visual cues where institutional authority is not relevant.
Borrow: role-based simplification, adaptive workflow, coherent business objects, process-state visibility.
Avoid: exposing SAP-specific process assumptions outside that domain.
Borrow: task status, semantic tokens, collaborative content, form and message discipline, lifecycle governance.
Avoid: making every experience resemble a work-management product.
Cards are not the default section container. Use them only when an item behaves as an independent unit. Open typography and structural rules should carry ordinary narrative content.
Rules, indentation, definition lists, side notes, tables, timelines, process rails, comparison columns, split panes, annotated figures, sticky contextual margins, numbered sequences, inline callouts, and expandable appendices.
Each archetype must define a mobile information strategy. Recomposition preserves the user’s task and critical evidence while changing simultaneous visibility, navigation, and interaction.
| Archetype | Wide context | Small context |
|---|---|---|
| Editorial | Margins, figures, and annotations coexist. | Annotations become inline and retain evidence order. |
| Public trust | Service navigation and supporting detail remain visible. | Action, eligibility, and consequence precede supporting navigation. |
| Technical reference | Sidebar tree and reference pane. | Local contents selector and stable deep links. |
| Operations | Filters, table, and selected detail coexist. | Prioritized list, filter sheet, full-screen detail task. |
| Decision | Alternatives and consequences compare side by side. | Recommendation-first sequence with repeated comparator labels. |
| Learning | Diagram and explanation appear together. | Concept stages preserve causal order. |
| Workflow | Process context and object detail coexist. | Current task dominates; context is explicitly accessible. |
| Knowledge network | Index, graph, and topic pane. | Search-first topic selection with ranked related concepts. |
| Field guide | List and map or route coexist. | Contextual list first; map is a focused mode. |
| Persuasion | Large evidence scenes and contrast. | Preserve argument beats; reduce simultaneous visual density. |
The generator should detect motifs that recur because they are easy, not because they solve the current communication problem.
For substantial artifacts, produce three unstyled candidate outlines from different archetypes. Select one. Do not produce three color themes for the same shell.
A distinct artifact can still be poor. A compliant artifact can still be inappropriate. Release requires both universal quality and archetype-specific validation.
| Gate | Requirement | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Semantic structure | Valid landmarks, headings, lists, tables, controls, labels, and document outline. | Required |
| Accessibility | Keyboard, focus, names, zoom, reflow, contrast, forced colors, reduced motion, and screen-reader review. | Required |
| Component contrast | WCAG 2.2 AA for light, dark, auto, hover, focus, active, disabled, selected, warning, success, error, code, tables, badges, and links. | Required |
| Responsive containment | No horizontal clipping; information recomposes for the smallest credible context. | Required |
| Evidence | Material claims preserve provenance, dates, assumptions, confidence, and limitations. | Required |
| Archetype fit | The shell supports the audience’s dominant posture and information topology. | Required |
| Visual hierarchy | Users can identify location, priority, meaning, action, state, and recovery without interpretation effort. | Required |
| Runtime interaction | Every control and disclosure works under keyboard, touch, and pointer input. | Required |
| Print and sharing | Core evidence remains readable without the application chrome or interactive state. | Recommended |
| Visual distance | Score at least 13/20 unless deliberate family consistency is documented. | Recommended |
This is not an aesthetic score. It tests whether “best for the situation” produced a materially different communication architecture.
| Dimension | 0 · Same | 1 · Modified | 2 · Structurally different |
|---|---|---|---|
| Information topology | Same order and grouping | Some reordering | Different relationship model |
| Navigation | Same header and jumps | Modified controls | Different navigation posture |
| Section rhythm | Same repeated blocks | Some variation | Purpose-specific pacing |
| Containment | Same card system | Mixed containment | Different structural vocabulary |
| Typography | Same scale and character | Adjusted hierarchy | Function-specific typography |
| Responsive behavior | Same stacking | Partial recomposition | Archetype-specific mobile model |
| Hierarchy mechanism | Same visual devices | Modified emphasis | Different primary mechanism |
| Interaction posture | Same disclosures | Some variation | Read/operate/learn model changed |
| Diagram or data role | Same supporting role | Adjusted prominence | Different evidence architecture |
| Overall silhouette | Immediately familiar | Related | Clearly distinct |
Interpretation: 0–8 indicates template reuse. 9–12 indicates partial adaptation. 13–16 indicates meaningful architectural variation. 17–20 indicates a strongly distinct mode.
The artifact methodology inserts an explicit communication-architecture decision between research and HTML implementation.
Research
→ organize content
→ choose polished SPA shell
→ apply familiar components
→ audit spacing and accessibility
Research
→ identify audience outcome
→ model information relationships
→ select archetype
→ select primary lineage
→ define design genome
→ compare structural candidates
→ implement visual expression
→ validate invariants
→ validate visual distance
{
"archetype": "technical-precision",
"audience": ["artifact authors", "design-system maintainers", "engineers"],
"requiredOutcome": "Select a materially appropriate HTML architecture before implementation",
"interactionPosture": "reference",
"informationTopology": "hierarchical",
"primaryInfluence": "Primer",
"supportingInfluence": "Spectrum + USWDS",
"density": "compact",
"containment": "mostly-open",
"navigation": "sidebar-tree",
"hierarchyExpression": "typographic",
"responsiveStrategy": "recompose",
"prohibitedDefaults": ["hero-as-marketing", "card-grid", "rounded-section-shells", "decorative-gradients"],
"visualDistanceTarget": 16
}
The registry synthesizes official public guidance. It extracts transferable problem-solving grammar rather than reproducing visual identity or proprietary component specifications.
The framework guidance was normalized into six fields: problem class, dominant user posture, information topology, hierarchy mechanism, responsive adaptation, and transfer limits. The resulting archetypes are analytical constructs. They are not official categories published by the referenced companies.
A registry can improve selection discipline but cannot replace user research, product-domain knowledge, content modeling, accessibility testing, or design review. Some artifacts intentionally belong to a consistent publication family; in those cases, reduced visual distance may be correct when documented.